Milton Friedman

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Liberty - Equality

"The society that puts equality before freedom will end up with neither. The society that puts freedom before equality will end up with a great measure of both."

• Milton Friedman, Free to Choose (1980)

« Une société qui place l'égalité avant la liberté finira par n'avoir ni égalité ni liberté. [...] Une société qui place la liberté avant toutes choses finira par obtenir, sans l'avoir cherché, davantage d'égalité en même temps que davantage de liberté. »

• Milton Friedman, La Liberté du choix (1980), trad. Guy Casaril, éd. Belfond, 1980 (ISBN 9782714413437), chap. 5, p. 173

Economics

"To paraphrase Clemenceau, money is much too serious a matter to be left to the Central Bankers."

• Milton Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom (1962), éd. University of Chicago Press, 2002 (ISBN 9780226264219), chap. 3

« Pour parler à la manière de Clemenceau, la monnaie est une question trop sérieuse pour être confiée à des banquiers centraux. »

• Milton Friedman, Capitalisme et Liberté (1962), éd. Flammarion, coll. Champs Essais, 2016 (ISBN 9782081358850), p. 91

“Inflation is the one form of taxation that can be imposed without legislation.”

• Milton Friedman, Observer, 22 September 1974

"[...] I believe it was a mistake for Europe to have adopted the euro. [...] There is no doubt that there are some advantages to having a single currency throughout the European common market. But, there are also real problems with the shocks that come along. External effects affect different countries within the euro very differently. Ireland is being affected very differently from Greece and if each had its own central bank they would be following very different monetary policies and that is likely to produce real political differences within the common market as well as economic difficulties. And that's the disadvantage, the negative effect.

[...] the euro was adopted for political reasons not economic ones. And I think they were bad political reasons. That is, the euro is going to increase political controversy within the countries because, adding to whatever political issues they had before, you will now get a whole series of political issues that will arise out of the stability agreement, that will arise out of the fact that Greece needs a different monetary policy than Ireland, or Spain needs a different one from Italy and so on. Those forces that affect different countries differently will lead to controversy at the level of the European Central Bank about what monetary policy should be and those will inevitably become political controversies."

• Milton Friedman, interview with Robert Pringle, Central Banking, The Quarterly Journal, Vol. XIII, No. 1, August 2002

"Consider Social Security. The young have always contributed to the support of the old. Earlier, the young helped their own parents out of a sense of love and duty. They now contribute to the support of someone else's parents out of compulsion and fear. The voluntary transfers strengthened the bonds of the family; the compulsory transfers weaken those bonds."

• Milton Friedman, Bright promises, dismal performance: an economist's protest, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983 (ISBN 9780151141524), p. 98

« Les jeunes ont toujours contribué au maintien des plus âgés. Avant, le jeune aidait ses propres parents par amour et devoir. Maintenant, il contribue à maintenir les parents d’autrui par obligation et peur. Le transfert volontaire renforçait les liens familiaux ; le transfert obligatoire affaiblit ces liens. »

• Milton Friedman, Bright promises, dismal performance: an economist's protest

Liberalism

"The great advances of civilization, whether in architecture or painting, in science or in literature, in industry or agriculture, have never come from centralized government."

• Milton Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom (1962), éd. University of Chicago Press, 2002 (ISBN 9780226264219), chap. introduction, p. 3

« Les grands progrès de la civilisation — que ce soit en architecture ou en peinture, en sciences ou en littérature, dans l'industrie ou dans l'agriculture — n'ont jamais été le fait du centralisme. »

• Milton Friedman, Capitalisme et Liberté (1962), éd. Flammarion, coll. Champs Essais, 2016 (ISBN 9782081358850), p. 28

"The existence of a free market does not of course eliminate the need for government. On the contrary, government is essential both as a forum for determining the "rule of the game" and as an umpire to interpret and enforce the rules decided on."

• Milton Friedman, Capitalism and Freedom (1962), éd. University of Chicago Press, 2002 (ISBN 9780226264219), chap. 1, p. 15

« L'existence d'un marché libre n'élimine évidemment pas le besoin d'un gouvernement. Au contraire, ce dernier est essentiel, et comme forum où sont fixées les "règles du jeu" et comme arbitre qui interprète et fait appliquer ces règles. Le marché, cependant, réduit grandement le champ des questions auxquelles doivent être données des réponses politiques, et par là minimise la mesure dans laquelle il est nécessaire que les pouvoirs publics participent directement au jeu. »

• Milton Friedman, Capitalisme et Liberté (1962), éd. Flammarion, coll. Champs Essais, 2016 (ISBN 9782081358850), p. 43

"I never characterize myself as a conservative economist. As I understand the English language, conservative means conserving, keeping things as they are. I don't want to keep things as they are. The true conservatives today are the people who are in favor of ever bigger government. The people who call themselves liberals today — the New Dealers — they are the true conservatives, because they want to keep going on the same path we're going on. I would like to dismantle that. I call myself a liberal in the true sense of liberal, in the sense in which it means of and pertaining to freedom."

• Milton Friedman, interview with Richard Heffner in The Open Mind, December 7th 1975

Politics

"One of the great mistakes is to judge policies and programs by their intentions rather than their results."

• Milton Friedman, interview with Richard Heffner in The Open Mind, December 7th 1975

« L'une des plus grandes erreurs possibles et de juger une politique ou des programmes sur leurs intentions et non sur leurs résultats. »

• Milton Friedman, entretien avec Richard Heffner dans The Open Mind, 7 décembre 1975

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